Mixed Conditionals
Los condicionales mixtos combinan tiempos para expresar conexiones entre pasado y presente o pasado y futuro.
¿Qué son los condicionales mixtos?
Un mixed conditional mezcla el tiempo verbal de la condición y del resultado para mostrar que tiempo de la causa y tiempo de la consecuencia son distintos.
Tipo 1: Pasado → Presente (resultado actual)
Estructura
If + past perfect,
would + base verb
Si algo hubiera pasado en el pasado, el resultado sería ahora.
Ejemplos
If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now
If we had left earlier, we would be on time
If she had saved money, she would have a car now
Tipo 2: Presente → Pasado (resultado pasado)
Estructura
If + past simple,
would have + past participle
Si algo fuera verdadero ahora, el resultado habría ocurrido en el pasado.
Ejemplos
If I were taller, I would have played basketball
If she spoke English, she would have gotten the job
If they were here, they would have helped us
Otras combinaciones útiles:
| Condición | Resultado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| If + past perfect | might + base verb | If you had asked, I might help you now |
| If + past simple | could have + PP | If he were rich, he could have bought that house |
| If + past perfect | should + base verb | If they had trained, they should be ready now |
Conectores frecuentes:
By now / today / these days
If I had invested in 2010, I would be rich by now
If she had practiced, she would be a great pianist today
If we had moved, we would be living in Madrid these days
Práctica: Mixed Conditionals
1. If I _____ (study) more, I _____ (be) a doctor now.
2. If she _____ (know) about the meeting, she _____ (come).
3. If they _____ (be) here now, they _____ (help) us yesterday.
4. If we _____ (leave) earlier, we _____ (be) on time now.
5. If you _____ (speak) English, you _____ (get) that job.
💡 Consejos importantes
- Tipo 1: If + past perfect → would + base (pasado → presente)
- Tipo 2: If + past simple → would have + PP (presente → pasado)
- Usa could/might para matizar probabilidad
- Ayuda a conectar tiempos diferentes en una sola idea
🎯 Regla clave
Los condicionales mixtos unen un tiempo de causa y otro de consecuencia distintos. Identifica primero si la causa es pasada o presente y ajusta el resultado.
Mixed Conditionals
Los Mixed Conditionals combinan tiempos de diferentes conditionales para conectar situaciones pasadas con consecuencias presentes o futuras.
¿Qué son los Mixed Conditionals?
Los Mixed Conditionals combinan elementos de diferentes conditionales para conectar una condición en el pasado con un resultado en el presente, o viceversa.
Tipo 1: Condición pasada + Resultado presente:
Estructura
If + Past Perfect
would + infinitivo
If I had studied harder at school,
I would be a doctor now
Ejemplos
If she had listened to me,
she wouldn't be in trouble now
If we had saved more money,
we would own a house now
If he hadn't eaten so much,
he wouldn't be overweight
Tipo 2: Condición presente + Resultado pasado:
Estructura
If + Past Simple
would have + past participle
If I were taller,
I would have been a basketball player
Ejemplos
If I had more time now,
I would have finished the project yesterday
If she were here,
she would have seen the accident
If we were rich,
we would have traveled more last year
Usos principales:
Arrepentimiento presente
If I had studied harder,
I would speak better English now
(Arrepentimiento por decisiones pasadas)
Situaciones imposibles
If I were you,
I would have apologized yesterday
(Imposible cambiar el pasado)
Explicaciones
If the weather had been better,
we would be at the beach now
(Explica situación actual)
Comparación con conditionales puros:
| Conditional | Condición | Resultado | Cuándo usarlo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Second | If I won the lottery | I would buy a house | Ambos en presente/futuro hipotético |
| Third | If I had won the lottery | I would have bought a house | Ambos en pasado hipotético |
| Mixed (Tipo 1) | If I had won the lottery | I would be rich now | Condición pasada, resultado presente |
| Mixed (Tipo 2) | If I were rich | I would have bought a house | Condición presente, resultado pasado |
Ejemplos contextualizados:
Arrepentimiento:
- If I had taken that job, I would be rich now
- If she had studied medicine, she would be a doctor now
- If we had invested in that company, we would own a house now
Explicaciones actuales:
- If I weren't afraid of flying, I would have visited my family last year
- If he had more experience, he would be the manager now
- If they had listened to me, they wouldn't be in debt now
Práctica: Mixed Conditionals
1. If I _____ (study) harder at university, I _____ (be) a doctor now. (condición pasada → resultado presente)
2. If she _____ (listen) to me, she _____ (not / be) in trouble now. (condición pasada → resultado presente)
3. If I _____ (be) taller, I _____ (be) a basketball player. (condición presente → resultado pasado)
4. If we _____ (save) more money, we _____ (own) a house now. (condición pasada → resultado presente)
5. If she _____ (be) here now, she _____ (see) the accident yesterday. (condición presente → resultado pasado)
6. If I _____ (not / eat) so much, I _____ (not / be) overweight now. (condición pasada → resultado presente)
💡 Consejos importantes
- Tipo 1: Condición en pasado (had + pp), resultado en presente (would + infinitive)
- Tipo 2: Condición en presente (past simple), resultado en pasado (would have + pp)
- Se usan para conectar tiempos diferentes en situaciones hipotéticas
- Expresan arrepentimiento o explican situaciones actuales
- Son avanzados y menos comunes que los conditionales puros
🎯 Regla clave
Los Mixed Conditionals permiten conectar una condición en un tiempo con una consecuencia en otro tiempo diferente.