Present Perfect
El Present Perfect conecta el pasado con el presente. Se usa para experiencias, acciones completadas y situaciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan.
¿Cuándo usar el Present Perfect?
El Present Perfect conecta el pasado con el presente. Se usa cuando:
- 🎯 Experiencias de vida: I've been to Paris (experiencia personal)
- ✅ Acciones completadas sin tiempo específico: I've finished my homework
- 🔄 Acciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan: I've lived here for 5 years
- 📅 Acciones recientes sin tiempo exacto: She's just arrived
Formación:
| Forma | Estructura | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Afirmativa | have/has + past participle | I have eaten breakfast |
| Negativa | haven't/hasn't + past participle | I haven't eaten breakfast |
| Interrogativa | Have/Has + sujeto + past participle? | Have you eaten breakfast? |
Usos principales:
Experiencias personales
I've visited Paris.
She's never been to Asia.
Have you ever eaten sushi?
They've lived in London.
Acciones completadas
I've finished my homework.
She's just arrived.
We've already eaten.
He hasn't called yet.
Present Perfect + for/since:
For + período de tiempo
I've lived here for 5 years
She's worked there for 2 months
They've been married for 10 years
(duración desde el pasado hasta ahora)
Since + punto en el tiempo
I've lived here since 2010
She's worked there since January
They've been married since 2015
(desde un momento específico)
Adverbios comunes:
Just, already, yet, ever, never
She's just arrived. (acaba de llegar)
I've already finished. (ya terminé)
Haven't you finished yet? (todavía no)
Have you ever been to Paris? (alguna vez)
I've never eaten sushi. (nunca)
Errores comunes:
❌ Incorrecto:
- I did my homework yesterday
- I lived here in 2010
- I went to Paris last summer
- I ate sushi when I was young
✅ Correcto:
- I've done my homework
- I've lived here since 2010
- I've been to Paris
- I've eaten sushi
Práctica: Present Perfect
1. I _____ (visit) Paris three times.
2. She _____ (just / arrive) home.
3. We _____ (live) here _____ 2010.
4. _____ you _____ (ever / be) to New York?
5. He _____ (already / finish) his work.
6. They _____ (not / arrive) yet.
💡 Consejos importantes
- Se forma con have/has + past participle
- Para experiencias: Have you ever...?
- Para duración: since (punto) / for (período)
- Adverbios: just, already, yet, ever, never
- Conecta pasado con presente
🎯 Regla clave
El Present Perfect se usa cuando el tiempo específico no importa o cuando queremos conectar una experiencia pasada con el presente.